Crystal structure, DFT analysis, and drug-likeness evaluation of 2-(piperazin-1-ium-1-yl)pyrimidin-1-ium nitrate: A promising scaffold for enzyme inhibition


Nbili W., Kanmazalp S. D., SERT Y., Öztürkkan F. E., Aloui Z., Kaminsky W., ...Daha Fazla

Journal of Molecular Structure, cilt.1352, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 1352
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.144291
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Molecular Structure
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: DFT, Hirshfeld surface, Molecular docking, Organic nitrate salt, SC-XRD
  • Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The novel organic nitrate salt, 2-(piperazin-1-ium-1-yl)pyrimidin-1-ium nitrate (1), was successfully synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), FT-IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SC-XRD revealed that the compound crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group, with its stability governed by an extensive network of N–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds alongside π···π stacking interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis quantified that these pivotal H···O/O···H contacts constitute 50.9 % of the crystal packing. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) level confirmed the molecular stability, showing a HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 3.964 eV. Molecular electrostatic potential mapping identified key electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, rationalizing the intermolecular interaction patterns. Significantly, molecular docking studies with Cathepsin D predicted a strong binding affinity of –8.3 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 0.82 μM, suggesting potent inhibitory activity. The compound also demonstrated promising drug-likeness, adhering to Lipinski's rules with only a single marginal violation. These combined results establish this dinitrate salt as a compelling scaffold for enzyme inhibition applications.