Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Geological Journal, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The Hastanetepe Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Biga Peninsula (northwestern Anatolia), one of the most important Pb–Zn metallogenic provinces in Türkiye. Mineralization occurs at the contact between Permian carbonate units and Cenozoic dacitic volcanic rocks. This study aims to constrain the genesis and hydrothermal evolution of the Hastanetepe deposit and to assess its metallogenic affinity within regional skarn-type systems of the Biga Peninsula. Petrographic observations are integrated with major and trace element geochemistry, fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulphur isotope (δ34S) analyses. The ore assemblage consists of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite–tennantite, hosted by a gangue assemblage dominated by quartz, calcite, epidote and garnet, indicating carbonate-related metasomatic alteration. Fluid inclusion analyses reveal homogenization temperatures ranging from 197°C to 450°C, with sphalerite recording significantly higher temperatures (average 435°C) than quartz (average 269°C), together with salinities ranging from 2.6 to 31.6 wt% NaCl equivalent, reflecting a multi-stage fluid evolution characterised by cooling, phase separation and late-stage fluid modification. Sulphur isotope values (δ34S = −0.7 to +2.4‰) of sphalerite and galena cluster around 0‰, indicating a homogeneous magmatic sulphur source. The combined interpretation of fluid inclusion and sulphur isotope data indicates that the Hastanetepe deposit represents a carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb skarn system formed by high-temperature magmatic–hydrothermal fluids, followed by later hydrothermal overprinting. These characteristics are consistent with skarn-type mineralization associated with Oligo–Miocene magmatism in the Biga Peninsula and support classifying Hastanetepe as part of a regional Pb–Zn skarn metallogenic framework.