Current Trends In Fenugreek Bıotechnology And Approaches Towards Its Improvement

cilt.0, sa.0, ss.128-136, 2014 (Hakemli Dergi)

foenum-graecum L.) plant is cultivated throughout the world as

medicinal, food, condiment, dye, and forage. First biotechnological study was carried out in 1945

that reported the effects of diniconazole, a triazole-type fungicide on cell suspension cultures of

fenugreek. It was followed by many studies using cell suspension and callus culture emphasising

increased production of protein and economically important metabolites like trigonelline,

sapogenin, Isoflavonoid pterocarpans, diosgenin, gitogenin and tigogenin from callus, leaves,

stems and roots explants. Plant tissue culture studies have emphasied use of callus, cotyloden,

hypocotyls and shoot tip epicotyls, apical meristem, cotyledon node and cotyledon leaf explants.

Most of the researchers agree difficulty in in vitro rooting. Protoplast studies have also been

reported using leaf mesophyll and root apices. Leaf mesophyl protoplasts could be converted to

leafy shoots whereas, root apices protoplasts gave cell colonies or roots only. Genetic

transformation studies using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and A. tumefaciens are at initial stages

and the genes used in the studies only present transformation with either marker or reporter

genes. There is a single report on molecular charachterisation of fenugreek from India using 10

RAPD and ISSR primers that revealed interspecific polymorphysm. A review of all this

suggests that plant biotechnology of fenugreek is at initial stages of development and there is lot

to do for the improvement and breeding of fenugreek.

Keywords: Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., secondary metabolites, tissue culture,

molecular charachterization

Abbrevıatıons: 2,4-D: 2,4 dicholorophenoxy acetic acid; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAP: 6-

Benzylaminopurine; EMS: ethyl methane sulphonate; GA: gibberellic acid; GMGT:

galactomannan galactosyltransferase; GUS: β-glucuronidase; HPLC: high performance liquid

chromatograpghy; IAA: indole acetic acid; IBA: indole butyric acid; IPA: indolepropionic

acid; ISSR: inter-simple sequence repeat; MMS: methyl methane sulphonate; MS: Murashige-

Skoog; NAA: naptahlene acetic acid; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; RAPD: random

amplification of polymorphic DNA; SPAR; single primer amplification reaction; TDZ: