HYBRIDIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL HEMP (Cannabis sativa L.)
TÜRKİYE 4th INTERNATIONAL (16TH NATIONAL) FIELD CROPS CONGRESS, Aydın, Türkiye, 16 - 18 Eylül 2026, ss.155, (Özet Bildiri)
- Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Özet Bildiri
- Basıldığı Şehir: Aydın
- Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.155
- Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile plant. In Türkiye, hemp cultivation legislation is updated in line with global developments. There are two dioecious hemp varieties in our country, one for fiber and the other for seed. Hybridization is a method used to obtain valuable source material for the creation of new hemp varieties. Although hemp exists dioeciously in nature, monoecious forms are widely used today as a result of cultivation and breeding studies. Hemp is an anemophilous and xenogamic species. There is no methodology in our country for how to perform hybridization processes in hemp. This study aims to create a methodology for hemp hybridization. All possible sex combinations were considered in the hybridizations. The cultivation and development dynamics of hemp in a greenhouse environment were examined. Photoperiod manipulation was applied in the hybridization studies. A suitable isolation material was determined for use in self-pollination and hybridization processes. The effectiveness of the material was tested by leaving a control plant from each combination in the hybridization processes. Flowering times and sex characteristics of the plants were determined at an early stage. In dioecious and monoecious types, the isolation of plants to be used as parent plants and the subsequent adjustment of the isolation bags were implemented. Hemp is one of the plants that produces the most pollen. The morphology and low mass of the pollen ensured maximum ovule fertilization, while the pollen impermeability of the isolation material was proven. Hybridization of parent plants with different flowering times was successfully achieved using the isolation material and pollen collection method. A vacuum device was designed for pollen collection. It was observed that this vacuum device effectively filtered hemp pollen. Considering the bicellular structure of the obtained pollen, it was dried and stored in a refrigerator at -20 °C. If needed, this stored pollen was used in hybridization processes and successfully obtained seeds. The flexible use of pollen increased the success in hybridization studies. Hybridization processes were carried out by pollinating once during the mass stigma formation period. All genotypes hybridized showed pollen-stigma compatibility and formed seeds. The amount of seeds obtained varied according to the sexual type combinations. The success of hybridization in the greenhouse environment was determined by; Early sex determination, the proper and correct use of isolation materials, and the collection and preservation of pollen all contribute to its improvement.