Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-15, 2022 (Hakemli Dergi)
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid 19 pandemisi esnasında kişilerin hedonik ve faydacı tüketim davranışlarını açıklamaktır.
Kapsam: Bu çalışmada Covid 19 pandemisi esnasında kişilerin hedonik ve faydacı tüketim davranışları incelenmiştir. Küresel anlamda yaşanan ekonomik daralma nedeniyle kişilerin hedonik tüketimden faydacı tüketime doğru değişim gösterdikleri düşünülmektedir.
Yöntem: Bu araştırmada olasılık dışı örneklem yöntemlerinden kolay örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Toplamda 388 kişiye anketler online olarak ulaştırılmıştır. Katılımcıların hedonik ve faydacı tüketim davranışları Coşkun ve Marangoz, (2019) tarafından geliştirilen Hedonik ve Faydacı Tüketim Davranışları Ölçeği ile ölçülmüştür. Hedonik tüketim; hedonik etki (7 madde), hedonik adaptasyon (7 madde), edilgenlik durumu (6 madde), dürtüsel eğilim (6 madde) ve kimlik yansıtma (6 madde) olarak beş alt boyutta incelenirken, faydacı tüketim; hedef odaklılık (5 madde) ve kontrol odaklılık (5 madde) olmak üzere iki alt boyutta incelenmiştir. Ölçeklerin güvenirlik ve gerçerlilik analizleri Cronbach Alpha ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile test edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hedonik Tüketim, Faydacı Tüketim, Covid 19, Küresel Pandemi
Aim: The purpose of this research is to explain the hedonic and utilitarian consumption behaviors of people during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Scope: In this study, the hedonic and utilitarian consumption behaviors of people during the Covid 19 pandemic were examined. It is thought that people tend to move from hedonic consumption to utilitarian consumption due to the global economic contraction.
Method: In this study, easy sampling, one of the non-probability sampling methods, was used. In totally, the questionnaires were delivered online to 388 people The hedonic and utilitarian consumption behaviors of the participants were measured with the Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption Behaviors Scale developed by Coşkun and Marangoz, (2019). The hedonic consumption behaviour was analyzed under five sub-dimensions as hedonic effect (7 items), hedonic adaptation (7 items), passivity (6 items), impulsive tendency (6 items), and identity projection (6 items while utilitarian consumption behaviour was examined in two sub-dimensions as goal-oriented (5 items) and control-oriented (5 items). The reliability and validity analyzes of the scales were tested with Cronbach Alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
Results: According to the research findings, it can be said that the participants tended to more utilitarian consumption during the Covid 19 pandemic process (goal-oriented x̄=3.90, control-oriented x̄=3.77). In hedonic consumption, it has been observed that they consume mostly due to identity reflection and hedonic effect. Other remarkable findings of the study is those with an income between the minimum wage and 5,000 TL give more weight to hedonic consumption. Beside findings indicates that those with an income of 10.001 TL and above are more focused on utilitarian consumption. In addition, women behave more hedonic consumption-oriented than men. Hedonic consumption is directly proportional to age. It has been determined that the group with the highest hedonic consumption is between the ages of 18-35. The age group with the least hedonic consumption is 56 years and over. In terms of utilitarian consumption, the age group that makes the most utilitarian consumption is 56 and over.
Keywords: Hedonic Consumption, Utilitarian Consumption, Covid, 19, Global Pandemic