Magnetic CdFe₂O₄–poly(AMPS-co-IA) composite hydrogel for efficient removal and detoxification of malachite green oxalate from aqueous media
Polymer Bulletin, cilt.84, sa.1, 2027 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 84 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2027
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s00289-026-06763-1
- Dergi Adı: Polymer Bulletin
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Adsorption, Detoxification, Magnetic hydrogel, Malachite green oxalate, Nanoparticle, Wastewater treatment
- Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, a magnetic composite hydrogel based on cadmium ferrite (CdFe2O4)-doped poly(AMPS-co-IA) was synthesized and used for the removal and detoxification of malachite green oxalate from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel was prepared via free-radical copolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and itaconic acid, followed by in situ incorporation of CdFe2O4 nanoparticles to impart magnetic separability. The composite hydrogel was characterized comprehensively with different techniques. Compared to the pristine poly(AMPS-co-IA) hydrogel, CdFe2O4 incorporation significantly improved thermal stability, magnetic properties, and adsorption efficiency. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature were systematically investigated. The composite hydrogel exhibited removal efficiencies exceeding 96% at low adsorbent dosage (0.6 gL− 1) over a wide pH range (3.7–10.6) and achieved nearly complete dye removal at high concentrations. Adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2589.8 mg g− 1. Despite its low BET surface area of 4.97 m² g⁻¹, the hydrogel exhibited high adsorption performance, which was primarily associated with its abundant functional groups and favorable electrostatic interactions. Toxicity assessment using Daphnia magna showed complete immobilization in the untreated MGO solution, whereas the adsorbent-treated solution exhibited substantially reduced immobilization. In parallel, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed no detectable Cd leaching after adsorption under the investigated experimental conditions. The composite hydrogel retained near-complete MGO removal over five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles and maintained high removal efficiency in different real water samples. These findings demonstrate effective MGO removal and acute-toxicity reduction together with no detectable Cd release under the tested conditions, supporting the environmental applicability of the composite while indicating that broader long-term environmental risks require further investigation.