STRUCTURAL ALTERATİONS İN HEMP CELLULOSE VİA VARİOUS PRETREATMENT TECHNİQUES
14th International ZEUGMA CONGRESS ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, Gaziantep, Turkey, 9 September - 10 October 2025, pp.1-1434, (Summary Text)
- Publication Type: Conference Paper / Summary Text
- City: Gaziantep
- Country: Turkey
- Page Numbers: pp.1-1434
- Yozgat Bozok University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Industrial
hemp is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Cannabinaceae family and
has a variety of applications, including food, construction, healthcare,
textiles, paper, and energy. Hemp's ability to be grown with less water, its near-free
use of pesticides, its carbon dioxide-neutral nature, its renewable and
sustainable nature, its lack of post-consumer waste, and its rapid biomass
production have significantly increased interest in hemp. The hemp plant's cell
wall is composed of structures such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and
pectin. One of the most challenging processes in utilizing lignocellulosic
biomass, particularly hemp, for many industrial applications is removing the
difficult lignin structure, which is cross-linked to cellulose. Cellulose, with
its long macromolecular chains, is preferred in many sectors. Numerous
pretreatment techniques exist in the literature for the removal of lignin from
biomass. In this study, the moisture content of industrial hemp plants
(Cannabis Sativa L.) from the Narlısaray population was determined as 10.25%,
ash content as 3.45%, and lignin as 39%. Raw hemp fibers were subjected to
physical, chemical, and physicochemical pretreatments. In this study,
mechanical shredding and microwave methods were applied for physical treatment
of hemp fibers. For chemical treatment, in the alkaline pretreatment stage, the
fibers were pretreated separately with 2% concentrations of NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2,
and CaO. Acid pretreatment stages were carried out using different
concentrations of HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3. In the physicochemical pretreatment
method, hot water pretreatment was performed at different temperatures and
durations. To determine lignin removal by the applied pretreatments, FTIR
spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscope SEM analysis, and EDX analysis
were performed on the biomass before and after the pretreatment. As a result,
lignin removal was achieved in all applied pretreatments. The most effective
lignin removal was observed in the acid pretreatment with 2% HCI, in the
alkaline pretreatment with 2% Ca(OH)2, and in the liquid hot water pretreatment
at 120°C for 30 minutes. This study was supported by the Scientific Research
Projects Unit of Yozgat Bozok University under project ID 1153, number
FKA-2023-1153. We thank the Scientific Research Projects Unit.